Thursday 22 May 2014

Showreel (assessment piece)




This is showreel of the work that I have produced during my three years on the BJTC Journalism course at The University of Winchester.

I have produced a lot of sports content, including match highlights and interviews with managers. I have also had work published in The Sunday Times.

I produced the showreel as part of an assessment.


Sunday 11 May 2014

Magazine module video assignments

My editor/senior journalist interview is with the Editor-in-Chief of TopGear magazine, but due to BBC rules I am unable to publish the video to the public.

I am waiting on permission to publish my confessional interview to the public from the subject of it - a former pathological gambler who after losing £1.3 million over nearly ten years, turned his life around when he stopped gambling and set up his own problem gambling consultancy business.

Innovation in the magazine industry: Technological innovations in magazines, with focus on TopGear Magazine.


‘Print is dead’ was a phrase uttered only a couple of years ago when online versions of magazines began to gain popularity and it was feared that technological innovations could be about to change magazines forever.

The availability of computers, smartphones and tablet computers has made the online versions of magazines just as easy to access as the print copies. It seems as if the days of waiting for the new edition of a magazine to go on sale are over for some readers, as a magazine’s content is now only a few clicks of a mouse or touches of a screen away.

The content that magazines release online isn’t just easier to access; it is also more up-to-date than in the print copies. In the latest edition of TopGear Magazine, the main feature focused on Ferrari’s brand new high performance car, called ‘LaFerrari’, but the headline piece on the website changes on a regular basis, sometimes reflecting what is in the new edition of the print magazine, but more often than not, the headline piece on the website is the latest feature produced by the team or a review of a new car. This doesn’t just show how behind the times print magazines are, but all of print media.

If a magazine has a website that is regularly updated, then it could be argued that the printed version is out of date almost as soon as it goes on sale. Articles that appeared in the printed magazine and on the website can be updated and/or reworked, with writers and editors able to add new information and photos, but this new content can obviously only be added to the website. An example of this comes from TopGear. The May edition of the magazine has a feature on ‘LaFerrari’, but the website has a different version of the feature. The feature in the magazine details the reviewer’s experience of driving the car, as well as giving the reader important information about it, but the article on the website is far more basic and information about the car in the print magazine article is spread across a few separate pages of the site as well as a more interactive look at it. The website also had a feature on a new version of the car, called ‘LaFerrari XX’, but there was nothing in the magazine about it.

Although technological innovations have somewhat taken over the magazine industry and have allowed for a surge in popularity of online versions of magazines, it wasn’t long ago that the print magazine industry was experiencing an innovation of its own, as Charlie Turner, Editor-In-Chief of TopGear Magazine, explains, “When I started, the last photo-shoot we could do would tend to be about a week before our deadline because you had to process the film, then you had to edit it, then you had to scan it, then you had to lay it out, then you had to send it off for high-res scanning, then you had to get it back, the process took forever. These days we’re shooting, we shoot stuff occasionally on deadline day so we can be in the middle of nowhere, take pictures of a car, send it back to the office, design it and send it to the printers, the speed has totally changed, so in terms of innovation, magazine industry has changed fundamentally in the last five, 10 years with the sort of birth of digital photography, but beyond that the utilisation of the content that you are generating, so you’re looking at assets, whether it be photography or writing being delivered across a platform”.

It is the utilisation of content that Turner mentions that will surely be of the utmost importance to the magazine industry in the next few years. The content produced for the print version of a magazine is just as important for the online version as the technology that allows it to exist.

It could be argued that the popularity of smartphones has also changed the way that magazines are now read. A replica version of the latest edition of TopGear Magazine is available to download on smartphones at the same time as the printed version goes on sale. This shows a clear cross-platform strategy being used by TopGear, with content being published in the magazine, on the website and on smartphones.

Charlie Turner describes how smartphones are changing the industry, “I think mobile is going to be clearly the way that people consume media will drive the innovation in the business and if you look at the way magazines are produced, they are incredibly old school, they are printed on presses that have been there 60 years, on huge great reams of paper, we are getting much better at the sustainability, if you look at the way that people globally consuming media, the internet, mobile consumption are all going through the roof, so interesting and interactive ways of delivering content on mobile is going to be fundamental”.

He also explains how TopGear Magazine has adjusted to the demand for content to be available on smartphones, “Most people have a smartphone in the UK, there’s a huge proportion of smartphones in the UK and therefore that’s how people are grazing content and coming up with a way of making them engaged with that content in a meaningful way or just give them something to distract them from the daily grind is what we’re sort of looking at and different ways of delivering our content”.

He adds, “We’ve got a back catalogue of the most amazing photography of cars ever, so how we deliver that into that market and apps are going to be really fundamental to how we do that and just different ways of engaging with that audience, but it’ll be really interesting”.

It is not just smartphones that have changed the magazine industry in the last couple of years, but also the rise in popularity of tablet computers. Figures from CCS Insight show that for users of tablet computers, 60% of web browsing takes place on their tablet devices. A 2013 YouGov report into Media, Technology and Telecoms said that by the end of 2014, almost half of UK households will own a tablet computer.

While this may not be good news for print magazines, it does open up a whole new market for the magazine industry as a whole, as Charlie Turner explains, “The tablets are going to be huge there’s no two ways about that, where you, how you publish on a tablet”.

He adds, “What we tend to do is the magazine is the magazine but then in the tablet it’s much more interactive so it’s got more video content, more sound files. There is motion and there’s sort of emotion of seeing them in action and all of those things and that’s where it’s getting really interesting and that’s sort of interactivity is fundamental to what we’re doing”.

This new interactive content is contained within the magazine’s digital edition - an iPad app that allows users to buy individual issues for £2.99 and a yearly subscription for £24.99, which represents a significant saving compared to buying individual issues of the print magazine or on a subscription.

It is not just TopGear Magazine that has exploited the popularity of tablets computers. Future Publishing, the team behind Total Film and Official Xbox 360 Magazine, reported sales figures on all of their digital editions of $1 billion a week. Despite high sales, 2013 figures show that only 21.8% of the circulation of Total Film came from its digital edition. The printed magazine may not be as dead as first thought.

Everything has to evolve at some point and the same goes for the magazine industry. Publishers have realised that for their magazines to be successful, they have to be in a different form that just print and it seems as if the more platforms a magazine publishes content on, the more successful it will be. TopGear Magazine is just one of many that has moved into a new phase - embracing new technology and is using it to its full potential despite the market conditions. Editor-in-Chief, Charlie Turner: “I think it’s really easy for people to get quite down on magazines, because inherently in the UK, it’s a tough market, but the reality is that what that’s done is opened up so many more opportunities in the whole sort of publishing sphere that it’s actually a really exciting time to be involved in.”

So it seems that if the magazine industry wants to survive, it will need to tap into new technology, literally.

Sunday 27 April 2014

QPR 1-1 Millwall - 26th April 2014

It was ironic in the end that after so much hard work and determination from the Millwall players that it was a former West Ham player who made the mistake that gave the Lions a point at Queens Park Rangers.
 
Due to their lowly league position, it was a game that Millwall could not afford to lose, but they wasted early chances. Quality was at a premium for most of the game and neither side looked like taking control.
 
QPR - who are already assured of a play-off place - rested some of their key players, namely striker Kevin Doyle and winger Junior Hoilett and it showed as the players who started the match were unable to get past Millwall goalkeeper David Forde for most of the game.
 
The home side were sluggish for most of the first half, but sprung into life after the break. Joey Barton, Tom Carroll and Ravel Morrison all went close. Barton hit a shot wide of the right-hand post and both Morrison and Carroll fired over the bar.
 
It was QPR’s top scorer, Charlie Austin, who provided a moment of quality though. Simeon Jackson was adjudged to have handled Hoilett’s cross just inside the area and Austin slotted in the spot kick for his 17th goal of the season.
 
The competitive performance from Millwall showed why they deserve to be in the Championship next season, but also highlighted that they need to strengthen in attack, as Stefan Maierhofer and Scott Malone both wasted good chances.
 
In the end, their persistence paid off as Malone’s scuffed shot was misjudged by QPR keeper Green and the ball went spinning into the back of the net to extend Millwall’s unbeaten run to seven.
 
 
Ian Holloway on the decision to award QPR a penalty: “I think handball should be deliberate. It might have hit his hand but was it in the box and was it deliberate?
 
“If there hadn't been a whistle, not one person behind that goal would have jumped up looking for a penalty - and I know this ground pretty well. I can't believe what I saw.
 
“I've had the benefit of watching it six or seven times, but even when watching it in real speed I thought it was harsh.”
 
 
QPR manager Harry Redknapp: “When you're 1-0 up in the last minute you expect to see the game out.
 
“It's difficult to balance a team and maybe we had too many players who are good when they have the ball and not so good when they haven't got it.
 
“When we didn't have possession we didn't close down as well as I would have liked. It's about finding that balance and a happy medium and that's what we've got to do for the play-offs.
 
“Millwall played well. They've got bags of enthusiasm and have had some great away results recently, so they've been in good form.”
 
On the penalty decision: “I haven't seen the replay, but everyone who has seen it says it was a penalty.”


I was at the match whilst on placement at The Sunday Times and attended it with legendary journalist Brian Glanville.

Friday 4 April 2014

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Seven. Press Regulation.

Journalists must follow regulations, which affect both print and broadcast journalists.

The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) is the regulator for newspapers, magazines and other written publications. It is seen as something of a 'toothless tiger' because its code of practice was established by the newspapers themselves.

At the moment, there seems to be a tussle between the press and the government, with the former wanting their own regulator, whilst the latter wants a royal charter and statutory regulations. If put in place, it will mean stricter controls on the written press, something that the industry does not want.


Ofcom is the regulatory authority that policies broadcast media, it covers everything on TV and radio.

Broadcasters must have a licence from Ofcom to transmit and can have their licence taken away if they commit offences serious enough for Ofcom to do so. It can also impose a fine of up to 5% of a broadcasters revenue if is rules have been broken. BBC and S4C (Welsh-language public service television) do not hold Ofcom licences, but are still subject to its rules and can be fined.

These sanctions will be imposed when  "a broadcaster deliberately, seriously, or repeatedly breaches the code...".


BBC Editorial Guidelines are for BBC staff and set the standards for the journalism of the corporation.

The BBC handles all its own complaints about inaccuracy and bias and the BBC Trust sets out the framework for its procedure.


NUJ Code of Conduct is only a guide to good conduct, therefore cannot impose serious sanctions.

Abiding by this code can be important for maintaining the reputation of a journalist or a publication. A journalist or a publication may break the code and be lowered in the eyes of their fellow journalists, people they want to interview and/or the public.




Monday 10 March 2014

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Six. Privilege

Privilege allows journalists to report on events such as council meetings, court cases and inquests. Journalists can publish and broadcast defamatory information if they abide by certain rules.

There are two types of privilege: Absolute and Qualified. Journalists have Absolute Privilege when covering court cases, inquests and tribunals as long as their report is published soon after the event and that it is accurate and fair. This means that a newspaper should publish the story on their website shortly after the conclusion of that days events in court and in the next edition of the physical copy. A broadcaster should show the report on the next bulletin or as soon as possible if it also has a rolling news channel.

Qualified Privilege gives the same protection to journalists that Absolute Privilege does, but for it to be reported, it must be in the public interest and without malice.

The word 'qualified' means that the publication is protected in certain circumstances (published quickly, the information is accurate and without malice and/or bias to one side).


Wednesday 19 February 2014

Magazine journalism – confessional interviews

Confessional interviews are about extraordinary things happening to ordinary people and are usually ghost written.

They come in two styles, in the victim’s voice and house style.

The byline will usually be in the spine of the magazine if it is a more upmarket publication, such as the Guardian Weekend magazine, but in magazines such as ‘Take A Break’ and ‘Closer’, the byline will be in the form of a very short introduction, for example: ‘Person A tells her emotional story to Person B’.

The actual interview should last about 45 minutes, this allows the interviewer to get as much information as possible and lets them have a choice on what to include. These are better if they are done face to face and with precise questioning.

Confessional interviews are the staple of women’s magazines. These magazines are usually weeklies and not pegged to news, but always human interest. The interviews are sometimes about a ‘battle’ against something.

Interviews of this type in newspapers are usually pegged to news, for example an interview with the survivor of a recent train crash. An interview with the survivor of a train crash would usually be included as part of a package, such as a double page spread.

Confessional interviews in trade magazines are less dramatic than in magazines and newspapers, but there still needs to be something exciting that will grab the readers.


How to find a subject for a confessional interview

Look for ‘victims’.

People who have ‘battled’ against an illness.

Go to support groups.

Internet

Phonebook

Newspapers – local and national


The best subjects are those who can speak confidently and will give you plenty of information. They need to be honest and open about what has happened. Try and get someone who will be able to give you pictures as well.

Someone who’s story has a happy ending, for example they got the all clear after having cancer.

Avoid people who have mental health issues, those who are confessing to crime, people with Munchausen’s Syndrome or a friend/relative.

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Five. Copyright

Copyright laws protect other people’s creative content. This includes any ideas in a physical form, for example photos, videos and written work.

The owner of the copyright is the person who creates the content, or the website that the content is published on, depending on the contract of the person who created the content.

Fair dealing

Copyrighted work can be used if it is attributed,  if it is in the public interest for it to be used or the use of it is ‘fair’.

There is no fair dealing law for the use of photographs though, any photos that you want to use must be bought from whoever owns the copyright.

Copyrighted work is frequently used on news programmes, especially when a famous person dies. Clips of the films or TV shows that an actor has been in are shown alongside archive footage. Fair dealing allows these clips to be shown on TV is they are being used it is a news event or for purposes of review and comment. The source of the content must be attributed and only a certain amount of footage can be used.

An example of this was a 2007 BBC News report on the sale of Aston Martin. Clips of the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale were used in the report, but were allowed to be used under fail dealing. The film was due for release on DVD soon after the report, so it also acted as an advert for the film.

Another example is ‘Newport State of Mind’ – a parody of Jay-Z and Alicia Keys’ song Empire State of Mind. The parody used the same tune as the original song, but the lyrics were changed.

The video was taken off YouTube for a period of time because of a ‘copyright claim’ by EMI Music Publishing - the company that published the original song. The video was still available to view on other websites though.

The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 says, “There is currently no exception which covers the creation of parodies, caricatures or pastiches”. The use of work used in a parody must be consented, unless it falls under fair dealing exceptions:

  • the part of the underlying work is not ‘substantial’
  • the use of the underlying work falls within the fair dealing exception for ‘criticism, review and news reporting’
  • enforcement of copyright is contrary to the public interest

The Newport State of Mind video fails these exceptions because a substantial part of the original song was used.


Sports broadcasting rights
 
This can be a particularly thorny issue for broadcasters.

Sky and BT currently have the rights to show live Premier League matches and BBC has the rights to show highlights. Any other broadcaster using footage of Premier League matches must attribute the content to the broadcaster that has shown the match live. This means that only matches shown live on TV can be shown and the footage from Sky’s or BT’s coverage can be used.

Thursday 6 February 2014

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Four. Freedom of Information

The Freedom of Information Act 2000 allows anyone to request (and receive) information from a public body, of which there are approximately 130,000.

The Act also applies to electronic media, including videos and tapes.

There are 100,000 FOI requests a year, costing £34 million.

A public authority must respond within 20 days and a further 40 days if they need to consider public interest.

Journalists only send around 12% of requests.

It was a New Labour policy objective in 2005. The aim was to promote accountability and transparency, helping to further understanding of and participation in the public debate, allowing companies and individuals to understand decisions made by public authorities and to bring light to information affecting public health and safety.

FOI gives everyone the legal right to any information held by public authorities, unless they have a valid reason to not give you the information. You can be denied the information if the cost is more than £600 (or £450 for smaller authorities) and if the information is exempt.

There are two types of exemptions: absolute and qualified. An absolute exemption includes information regarding the security services and courts, they have no duty to confirm or deny that this information exists. A qualified exemption includes commercial confidentiality and ministerial communications.

You could still be given information covered by a qualified exemption if it is in public interest to release it.

Information can be withheld if ‘the public interest in maintaining the exemption outweighs the public interest to release the information’. Some of the other reasons for exemption include if it is likely to jeopardise national security, likely to prejudice defence or international relations, if the information is for future publication, if it prejudices economic interests of the UK, if it prejudices law enforcement, if the information requested is communication with the Royal family.

In a recent development, the government wants to limit groups or individuals making too many requests where they become ‘burdensome’ and lower the limits on costs, leading to more requests being refused.

A cynical review to take would be that the government wants to limit journalists’ powers and limit the amount of information being reported. The other side to this is that with public authorities’ budgets being squeezed, something has to give and FOI requests will obviously be at the bottom of the pile because if services are cut, there will be uproar.

Monday 3 February 2014

Magazine journalism – pitching to editors

When pitching to an editor of a publication, you must know the style of the publication inside out and the sort of articles that they publish.

The story must be an exclusive. No publication will publish a story that has appeared in another magazine or newspaper.

You must also show that you have access to who you will be interviewing or what the feature is about. The best position to be in is having the interviews already done.

You have to be specific about who the interviewees are and how the article will be structured, for example if you are proposing an idea about the lives of young racing drivers who didn’t ‘make it’ to the editor of motoring magazine, make sure you know exactly what failed drivers you want to interview, even better, have the interviews done.

You must have the article well thought out before pitching, not just the words but also the pictures that will complement the words.
 
When writing a pitch, follow this basic structure:

1: The first paragraph should get the attention of the editor straight away, it should be a summary of what the piece is about.

2: The next paragraph or two are for telling the editor why the readers of the publication will be interested in what you are proposing. If the editor doesn’t think that it will be of interest to the readers, it will be rejected as magazines won’t be sold.

3: Give details of who you are interviewing or have interviewed as well as why. The editor will want to know why the interviewee is going to be important for the article. Coming back to my previous example, there is no point interviewing someone who had a mildly successful career, or even a young driver who had a couple of races at a good level, because it is about those who were never picked in the first place.

4: You should say why the story would get the attention of the reader and how it would suit the magazine.

5: Finish with information about yourself, including work you have done previously and references from editors at publications you have done work for in the past.

Friday 31 January 2014

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Three. Defamation and Libel.

Libel is concerned with three important requirements:
 
The statement made must be defamatory. The statement must tend to do one of these four things:
  • Expose the person to hatred, ridicule or contempt,
  • Casue the person to be shunned and avoided 
  • Discredit the person in their work or business
  • Lower them in the eyes of 'right thinking people'
The publication must be in a permanent form e.g. a newspaper or on TV.
 
It must identify a certain person e.g. if I make the statement "All Americans are stupid", an American man (however clever he is) cannot sue me for libel because I didn't identify him personally.
 
This brings me on to what defamation doesn't cover: it doesn't affect feelings e.g. if an American feels hurt by me calling all Americans "stupid".  Defamation doesn't affect comment as long as the comment is your honest opinion.
Defamation is linked to reputation, the clue is in the name: de-faming (removing their fame).
 
Your reputation is not what you think of yourself, but what others think of you.  This is why defamation cases can make you very rich if you win.
There are three defences that can protect journalists again legal action: the statement is true, the statement is the honest opinion of the journalist and and privilege.

Absolute and Qualified Privilege

Absolute privilege gives people like judges, lawyers and MPs the power to say whatever they like about anyone without the risk of a defamation claim being made. This also allows journalists to report this information.

Qualified privilege allows journalists to publish what they like as long as it's in the public interest.  This power can be taken away if their story is not accurate or fair.  These two cover the three main legal principles of a news story: FAST, ACCURATE, FAIR. 

Saturday 25 January 2014

Media Law Year Three - Lecture Two. Reporting Crime

Prejudice and contempt are the two main risks that journalists face when reporting crime.

A case becomes legally active when the police make an arrest, the issue of an arrest warrant, magistrates issue a summons, person charged. After this point, journalists must be aware of the risks of reporting certain information.

No prejudical content can be published before the accused has stood trial, this is to stop any information about the defendent(s) being made available to the jury whilst the trial is taking place. A case could collapse if information about the defendent(s) is in the public domain as this may sway jury members to a certain verdict if they know of it.

The Mikaeel Kular murder case has the potential for contempt. Mikaeel's mother Rosdeep reported him missing and his body was found and Rosdeep was charged. Mail Online recently published information about Rosdeep's lifestyle, it ran the headline "Party lifestyle of Mikaeel's mother who called herself the 'dancing queen'". The article has been criticised for its prejudical content, it may portray her in a bad light and deny her the right to a fair trial.

If the content of the article was contested legally, the Mail Online's defence would be the fade factor, this means that the information published could fade away from the press and public consciousness in the period between when the article was published and the trial. If the trial was in the next few weeks, I believe that this defence would not hold up, because a jury member could have read the article when it was first published and would most likely remember the content of it, therefore making it impossible for them to make a fair judgement.


Key stages of a trial

Prosecution opening
Prosecution witnesses
Defence opening
Defence witnesses
Judges summing up
Jury sent out and deliberation
Sentencing (may happen weeks or months after intial trial)


Three categories of offences

Indicatable - trial at Crown Court for serious offences.
Summary - Magistrates Court only
Either way - Defendent can choose to be tried at Crown or Magistrates Court


Information that can be included in a pre-trial court report

Defendent names, ages, addresses and jobs
Charges faced/summary
Name of court and name of magistrate
Names of solictors and barristers present
Date and place of where case is to be adjourned to
Bail arrangements
If legal aid has been granted or not


Magistrate powers

Six month jail sentence
Suspended sentence
Community orders
Conditional discharge (an agreement between a defendent and the court that he/she will not be convicted as long as they do not commit a crime within a specified time period.)

Thursday 23 January 2014

Magazine journalism: generic magazine formats

Features can be defined as the editorial matter in a newspaper or magazine, on radio or TV which is factual but not news.

Differences between news and features


NEWS                                                             FEATURES

Telling                                                             Seeing

Brief/Summary                                                Detailed

Aimed at a whole audience                            Aimed at a niche market

Length varies (depending on importance)      Length fixed by editorial structure/news agenda

Defined style                                                  A variety of styles

Pictures are useful                                          Pictures are essential

Published instantly                                         Published according to schedule

Written by staff reporters                               Written by production staff/freelancers         

Led by the news agenda                                 Led by production (structure of publication)

 
Magazines must consist of almost all feature material and newspapers have some, but mainly news. This is the same as a formatted news TV or radio programme such as Today or Newsnight. These will have mini features that are used to pack out a programme.

When people read newspapers and watch TV news programmes or listen to radio news programmes, they usually come for the news and stay for the features.

Features can help to define a newspaper as a certain type for example The Times’ is famous for its education supplement and the quality of the features in it.


Feature formats

Profile – Stating the facts about someone and their life.

Confessional interview – A first person account of an experience e.g. with a plane crash survivor

Review – The writer is commenting on something and giving their opinion e.g. film review.

Documentary – A video documenting an event e.g. World In Action.

Investigation – Lifting the lid on a story.

Observational – Putting yourself into a situation, so you can give a first-hand account.

Reader response – Getting the readers involved, usually competitions.

Fashion – Picture led (photo shoots).

News – An extended news story, but doesn’t have to have a peg.

Feature interview – An interview with someone, with their opinions e.g an interview with a football player about the upcoming season.